How Does Escrow Work?

Escrow
To finalize the sale of the home a neutral, third party (the escrow holder, a.k.a. escrow agent) is engaged to assure the transaction will close properly and on time. The escrow holder ensures that all terms and conditions of the seller's and buyer's agreement are met prior to the sale being finalized, including receiving funds and documents, completing required forms, and obtaining the release documents for any loans or liens that have been paid off with the transaction, assuring you clear title to your property before the purchase price is fully paid.

The documentation the escrow holder may be collecting includes:

• Loan documents
• Tax statements
• Fire and other insurance policies
• Title insurance policies
• Terms of sale and any seller-assisted financing
• Requests for payment for various services to be paid out of escrow funds

Upon completion of all instructions of the escrow, closing can take place. All outstanding payments and fees are collected and paid at this time (covering expenses such as title insurance, inspections, real estate commissions). Title to the property is then transferred to the seller and appropriate title insurance is issued as outlined in the escrow instructions.

At the close of escrow, payment of funds shall be made in an acceptable form to the escrow. As your real estate agent, I'll inform you of the acceptable form.

The Escrow Holder Will: 

Fannie Mae vs Freddie Mac: What is the difference?

You may hear the names Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac often. But what are they exactly?

They are both Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSE) in the home mortgage business. They are very similar. they both buy mortgages on the secondary market, pool them, and then sell them as mortgage-backed securities to investors in the open market. The way they handle government guarantees, subsidies and direct government funding are the same.

Their main difference is that Fannie Mae primarily buys mortgages issued by banks while Freddie Mac buys mortgages issued by thrifts.

Fannie Mae was a federal program that was created in 1938 as part of the New Deal, and Freddie Mac was chartered by Congress as a private corporation in 1970. Fannie was monopolizing the mortgage market as a government agency until it became a private corporation in 1968. Freddie Mac was brought into the market to compete with Fannie Mae's monopoly so that lenders and bankers would have two options instead of just one. Today, Fannie Mae is a privately-owned corporation while Freddie Mae is a stockholder-owned corporation.

Fannie Mae allows guarantee on multiple properties owned by a single person up to 10 units, while Freddie Mac allows guarantee on no more than 4 units. They do have a slight difference in rules regarding down payments as well. Fannie Mae asks as little as 3% from home loan borrowers and Freddie Mac requires at least a 5% down payment, which means that it does not allow loans of more than 95% loan-to-value.

They both have a common goal in mind: to provide affordability to homeowners. They aim to provide a stability to the mortgage market so that it can continue to function. While Fannie and Freddie compete with each other in the same market, they really are very similar and have the same basic foundation and goals to help you, as a homeowner, get the most affordable loan that you can. Ask your loan officer what is best for you.

Are you pre-qualified or pre-approved for a loan?

 Before you begin to shop for a new home, you should set up a time to meet with me so we can figure out how much you can afford. This will put you in a better position as a buyer. That’s when it is important to understand the distinction between being pre-qualified for a loan and pre-approved for a loan. The difference between the two terms will be crucial when you decide to make an offer on a house.

To get pre-qualified for a loan, I will collect information about your debt, income, and assets. We’ll look at your credit profile and assess goals for a down payment and get an idea of different loan programs that would work for you. I will issue you a pre-qualification letter indicating the amount you are pre-qualified to borrow.

It is important to understand that a pre-qualification letter is just an estimate of what you are eligible to borrow, not a commitment to lend. Getting pre-approved for a loan gives you competitive advantage when the time comes to bid on a home because you have been approved for a loan for a specified amount.

To get pre-approved, you will complete a mortgage application and provide me with various information verifying your employment, assets and financial status such as W-2 forms, bank records and credit card statements. We’ll review your mortgage options and submit your application to the lender that best meets your needs. Once the application process is complete you will receive a pre-approval letter indicating the amount your lender is willing to lend you for your home.

A pre-approval letter is not binding on the lender; it is subject to an appraisal of the home you wish to purchase and certain other conditions. If your financial situation changes (e.g. you lose your job), interest rates rise or a specified expiration date passes, your lender must review your situation and recalculate your mortgage amount accordingly.

Veteran Affairs (VA) Loans

VA guaranteed loans are made by lenders and guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) to eligible veterans for the purchase of a home. The guaranty means the lender is protected against loss if you fail to repay the loan. In most cases, no down payment is required on a VA guaranteed loan and the borrower usually receives a lower interest rate than is ordinarily available with other loans.

Other benefits of a VA loan include:
Negotiable interest rate.
Closing costs comparable – and sometimes lower - than other financing types.
No private mortgage insurance requirement.
Right to prepay loan without penalties
Mortgage can be taken over (or “assumed”) by the buyer when a home is sold.
Counseling and assistance available to veteran borrowers having financial difficulty or facing default on their loan.

Although mortgage insurance is not required, the VA charges a funding fee to issue a guarantee to a lender against borrower default on a mortgage. The fee may be paid in cash by the buyer or seller, or it may be financed in the loan amount.

A VA loan can be used to buy a home, build a home and even improve a home with energy-saving features such as solar or heating/cooling systems, water heaters, insulation, weather-stripping/ caulking, storm windows/doors or other energy efficient improvements approved by the lender and VA.

Veterans can apply for a VA loan with any mortgage lender that participates in the VA home loan program. A Certificate of Eligibility from the VA must be presented to the lender to qualify for the loan.

Closing Costs: What is included?

Loan-Related Closing Costs

Loan Origination Fee
This covers the administrative expenses in setting-up and processing the loan. The loan origination fee may be a percentage of the mortgage amount.

Points (optional)
An option for the home buyer is to pay points to lower the interest rate at which the loan will be repaid. Each point equals 1 percent of the mortgage amount. For example: on a $150,000 loan, 1 point would equal $1,500.

Appraisal Fee
The fee for having the house appraised may be incorporated into the closing costs or payment may be required by the lender at the time the loan application is submitted.

Credit Report
The lender uses a credit report to determine the creditworthiness of the loan applicant. This fee is often paid when the loan application is submitted.

Interest Payment
Typically the buyer is required to pay interest on the mortgage loan to cover the time between the closing date and when the first mortgage payment period begins. For example: If closing is on May 15. Your first monthly payment begins to accrue interest on June 1 with your first mortgage payment due July 1. At closing an interest payment covering the accrual period between May 15 and May 31 may be required.

Escrow Account
At closing a payment may be required to fund the escrow account if the lender is paying home insurance, property taxes and/or other expenses out of the escrow account.

Insurance Closing Costs

Homeowner's Insurance
This insurance covers replacement costs for damages caused by fire, wind or other disaster that might affect the value of the property. Typically, the insurance also includes personal liability and theft coverage.

Flood or Quake Insurance
Additional hazard insurance coverage that is required for homes located in a designated hazard zone as established by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). An appraiser, inspector, or your realtor can let you know if a property resides in a hazard zone.


Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
Insurance required for conventional mortgage loans when the borrower's down payment on the house is less than 20 percent of the loan value.

Title Insurance
This policy protects both the buyer and lender by insuring a clear chain of title. (In other words, it insures that that the person who sells the house has the legal right to do so.)

Understanding the Terms: "APR" and "Interest Rate"

You'll see an interest rate and an Annual Percentage Rate (A.P.R.) for each mortgage loan you see advertised. The easy answer to "why" is that federal law requires the lender to tell you both.

The A.P.R. is a tool for comparing different loans, which will include different interest rates but also different points and other terms. The A.P.R. is designed to represent the "true cost of a loan" to the borrower, expressed in the form of a yearly rate. This way, lenders can't "hide" fees and upfront costs behind low advertised rates.

While it's designed to make it easier to compare loans, it's sometimes confusing because the A.P.R. includes some, but not all, of the various fees and insurance premiums that accompany a mortgage. And since the federal law that requires lenders to disclose the A.P.R. does not clearly define what goes into the calculation, A.P.R.s can vary from lender to lender and loan to loan.

The A.P.R. on a loan tied to a market index, like a 5/1 ARM (adjustable mortgage rate), assumes the market index will never change. But ARMs were invented because the market index changes and makes fixed rate loans cheaper or more expensive to make -- that's why they're variable rate in the first placed!

So, A.P.R.s are at best inexact. The lesson is that A.P.R. can be a guide, but you need a mortgage professional to help you find the truly best loan for you.

Note when you're browsing for loan terms that the A.P.R. will not tell you about balloon payments or prepayment penalties, or how long your rate is locked. Also, you'll see that A.P.R.s on 15-year loans will carry a higher relative rate due to the fact that points are amortized over a shorter period of time

Definitions of Common Mortgage Terms

One issue commonly arises when first time home buyers begin their mortgage application process: understanding the definitions of various mortgage terms. If you are not familiar with the process or the industry, there is plenty of jargon that could slow down this process for you. We want you to fully understand these terms and how they apply to you and your future new home.

Definitions

Annual income
Your annual income before taxes. For married couples this is your total combined annual income before taxes.

Purchase price
The price of the home you wish to purchase. This is the actual price you'll pay, not including any closing costs.

Total monthly payment
Total monthly payment that you can qualify for. This is the total of principal, interest, taxes and insurance paid each month. Often called PITI.

Cash on hand
Cash you have for the down payment and all closing costs.

Interest rate
The current annual interest rate you can receive on your mortgage.

Reminders for Home-buyers

It is important to understand your personal financial situation before getting a mortgage. The amount of money a banker is willing to lend you might not be how much you can afford to borrow.

Make sure to learn the loan jargon before you start mortgage-shopping. It will make everything that much easier!

When choosing the best type of fixed-rate or adjustable-rate, decide how long you want to keep the loan and how much financial risk you can accept.

A good way to get the loan you want is to craft a positive and truthful mortgage application, just as you would prepare your resume to get the job you want.

If you already own a home, refinancing could save you money! Stay up to date with the current interest rates!

If you would like more information on getting your own mortgage application started, contact Felix Katz of Quest Loans at 805-456-1201. He would be happy to answer any questions you may have.

Understanding the Terms: "Lock" and "Float"

If I were considering financing or refinancing a home today, I would do the following: Lock if my closing was taking place within 7 days or Float if my closing was taking place between 8 and 60 days from now.

This is only my opinion of what I would do if I were financing a home. It is only an opinion and cannot be guaranteed to be in the best interest of all/any other borrowers. Brought to you by the professionals at Quest Loans.

What does this mean?

Basically, a deposit is paid by a borrower to lock in an interest rate for a specific period of time while a mortgage application is being processed. If interest rates decline during this period, the float down option allows the borrower to obtain a lower rate.

For example, suppose a borrower locks in a rate of 5%. Before the borrower's mortgage application is complete, however, interest rates drop to 3.5%. If this borrower has a mortgage rate lock float down, they may lock in the lower mortgage rate before the mortgage is approved.

Welcome!

Welcome to 411 Rates, the place to get all the info you need about mortgages in a way you can understand it. We know that applying for a mortgage can be a daunting task. There is so much to know and the jargon can really make it confusing. Don't worry, you have come to the right place!

We would like to help you break down the entire loan process so that you aren't left scratching your head while you sign your name. It is important to know what you are agreeing to and how it will effect your life.

Please bookmark us and continue checking back for our frequent simple but informational posts regarding mortgages.